In the vast ocean of nutritional supplements, krill oil stands out as a potent source of health-promoting compounds. Among its myriad components, phospholipids emerge as key players, offering a range of benefits that contribute to overall well-being.
Krill oil is an oil extracted from tiny crustaceans called krill, which are small, shrimp-like marine creatures that inhabit the cold waters of the ocean, primarily in the Antarctic. Krill serves as a vital part of the marine ecosystem, forming a significant portion of the diet for various marine animals, including whales, seals, and penguins. Krill oil is renowned for its rich nutritional content, particularly its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential nutrients because the human body cannot produce them on its own and must obtain them from dietary sources. In addition to omega-3s, krill oil also contains other beneficial compounds such as phospholipids, which are molecules that help improve the absorption and utilization of omega-3 fatty acids in the body. Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in various physiological processes. Krill oil is available as a dietary supplement and is often used to support heart health, brain function, joint health, and overall well-being. Its unique composition, including the presence of phospholipids, sets it apart from traditional fish oil supplements and makes it an attractive option for individuals seeking to incorporate omega-3 fatty acids into their daily regimen. [1]
Some benefits of krill oil [2,3]:
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Phospholipids in Krill oil
Another very important component of krill oil is the Phospholipids. It plays a crucial role and is a class of lipids that serve as integral components of cell membranes, ensuring their structural integrity and facilitating various cellular processes. In krill oil, phospholipids predominantly manifest as phosphatidylcholine (PC), although phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) are also present in smaller quantities. One of the defining features of phospholipids is their amphiphilic nature, meaning they possess both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions. This unique characteristic enables phospholipids to form lipid bilayers, the fundamental structure of cell membranes, and to act as emulsifiers, facilitating the dispersion of fat-soluble substances in a water-based environment. Let us see the benefits of phospholipids. [4]
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             Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids, when incorporated into neuronal membranes, enhance membrane fluidity and neurotransmitter function, which may exert neuroprotective effects and reduce the risk of cognitive decline associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. [3]
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Phospholipids are integral components of krill oil, conferring numerous health benefits beyond those associated with omega-3 fatty acids alone. From cardiovascular protection and cognitive support to joint relief and skin rejuvenation, the multifaceted advantages of phospholipids make krill oil a valuable addition to a balanced diet and wellness regimen. As ongoing research continues to unravel the intricacies of these lipid molecules, the potential for harnessing their therapeutic properties in promoting human health remains promising. [6,7]
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References:
- Krill oil. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Apr;15(1):84-6. PMID: 20359272.
- Cicero AF, Rosticci M, Morbini M, Cagnati M, Grandi E, Parini A, Borghi C. Lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of omega 3 ethyl esters and krill oil: a randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Arch Med Sci. 2016 Jun 1;12(3):507-12.Â
- Burri, L., & Johnsen, L. (2015). Krill products: an overview of animal studies. Nutrients, 7(5), 3300–3321
- Xie D, Gong M, Wei W, Jin J, Wang X, Wang X, Jin Q. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Composition, Extraction Technologies, Health Benefits, and Current Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2019 Mar;18(2):514-534. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12427. Epub 2019 Feb 12. PMID: 33336946.
- R. Ramprasath, I. Eyal, S. Zchut, I. Shafat, and P. J. H. Jones. Supplementation of krill oil with high phospholipid content increases sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes compared with low phospholipid krill oil. Lipids Health Dis.2015; 14: 142.
- Petter-Arnt Hals , Xiaoli Wang and Yong-Fu Xiao. Effects of a purified krill oil phospholipid rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease risk factors in non-human primates with naturally occurring diabetes type-2 and dyslipidemia. Hals et al. Lipids in Health and Disease (2017) 16:11
- Sung, Hyunsin (2017) The effect of krill oil supplementation focusing on the incorporation of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, clinical biomarkers and lipidomic profiles in women. PhD thesis, Victoria University.
- Kim J, Lee N, Chun YS, Lee SH, Ku SK. Krill Oil's Protective Benefits against Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Photoaging in Hairless Mice and In Vitro Experiments. Mar Drugs. 2023 Aug 30;21(9):479. doi: 10.3390/md21090479. PMID: 37755092; PMCID: PMC10533088.